Porters Five Force Model - HelpWithAssignment.com

Online Remedial classes by HelpWithAssignment.com

Remedial classes are taken for students who fall behind in their basics and the advancement of the subject is not fully understood by them. Generally, students have an issue with subjects like math, science and English. If the teacher of these subjects takes a little care about the students like attending to them personally and explaining them the concept until they understand is the simple way, hard way and the only way through which weak students can understand the subject.

Students lag behind in a subject only when they have problem understanding the basics. Say for ex: if a child who is in 8th grade is weak in math, then if the teacher instead of mocking the student, tries to teach him basics of math like multiplication, division mainly arithmetic, then the student will fair well in the subject, given some time.

Remedial classes are necessary for students who don’t understand a subject properly. Teachers should keep in mind that not all students have the same capacity to understand each and every subject. Some students might do well in science but not in math, and some might do well in math and not in science and so on and so forth. And also each student’s way of learning, ability to learn will obviously be different. So, a teacher should keep in mind all these things while taking remedial classes. Actually, if every class is taken, keeping in mind the above things, there would be no need for any remedial classes.

A teacher should raise the curiosity of a child towards a subject. This curiosity in a child is like a chain-reaction, once it is started, then there’s no way anybody can stop it. It is difficult in the first place to start this chain reaction. So, in order to raise the curiosity in a child, the class must be interesting. If the teacher makes a little effort on how to make the class interesting, then two-thirds of the work is done.

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Principles of Accounting

Accountancy is the art of communicating information of financial nature about a business entity like a sole proprietorship, partnership, company (Pvt. Ltd as well as Ltd) to the owners like sole proprietor, partners and shareholders respectively. The reports or statements contain information about the financial ‘health’ of the concern.
The American Institute of Certified Public Accounts defines Accountancy as the “art of recording classifying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least, of financial character, and interpreting the results thereof.”
Generally, all transactions of financial nature have to be recorded. All the transactions are recorded first in the basic books or first books of accounts called the Journal Book. Few examples of journals are (a). Owner invested $10,000 in the company. Now, the journal entry for this transaction would be
_____________________Debit_______Credit
Cash A/c ________________10,000
_________Owner’s equity A/c_____________10,000

The Accounting that we see today, the double-entry system of accounting first emerged in Italy in the 14th century, where traders began to require more capital than a single individual was able to invest. The development of Joint Stock Companies created another need for the concept of accountancy’s scope to include the accounts of Companies.
Each and every transaction in accounting is recorded based on few simple rules which are followed to record transactions. Accounts are classified based on their type. There are three types of accounts. They are (1). Personal Accounts, (2). Real Accounts and (3). Nominal Accounts.
They are called as the “Golden Rules of Accounting”. They are for (1) Personal accounts, debit the receiver, credit the giver, (2) Real Accounts, debit what comes in, credit what goes out and (3) Nominal Accounts, debit all expenses and losses and credit all and incomes.
Let’s see some examples in these accounts.
Personal Accounts example
· Bought stock on credit from Mr.Nicholson worth $15.000
Now the entry would be
___________________Debit_______Credit
Stock A/c______________15,000
________Mr. Nicholson A/c_____________15,000

Nominal Accounts example
· Salaries paid to staff $16,000.
Now the entry would be
________________Debit_______Credit
Salary A/c__________16,000
__________Cash A/c_____________16,000

Real Accounts example
· Bought furniture for the office worth $5,000.
Now the journal entry would be
__________________Debit_________Credit
Cash A/c______________5,000
_________Furniture A/c_______________5,000

Journals are the staring point in accounts of a concern. These journals are then posted into Ledger Accounts. And from these ledgers, individual accounts are prepared. From here on the preparation for the final accounts takes place.

Final accounts are called so because they are prepared when the financial year is coming to an end. The Accounts are closed by preparing final accounts and then brought over balances of last year are carried forward to the next year and the process starts all over again.

References:
http://www.futureaccountant.com/accounting-process/study-notes/accounting-principles-rules-of-debit-credit.php
http://www.aicpa.org/
http://www.gnucash.org/docs/v1.6/C/t2504.html
http://www.quickmba.com/accounting/fin/double-entry/
http://simplestudies.com/double-entry-accounting-system.html

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Chicago Referencing Style

The Chicago Referencing Style has two major documentation systems. One is the humanities style and the other is the author-date system. These two styles are used in different contexts depending upon the subject-matter and the nature of the study and the sources cited. These two systems are favored by different groups of scholars.

As the name suggests the humanities style is preferred by many in literature, history and the arts. It is recommended for history research papers. This style uses bibliographic notes rather than text citations. It accommodates a variety of sources including words which only few people know.
Humanities style
Book
Ex: Yow, Valerie Raliegh. Recording oral history. A guide for the humanities and social sciences. Walnut Creek, CA: Alta Mira Press,2005.
Corporate Author
Ex: Oberlin College. Conservatory of Music. Library. Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Best Collection of Autographs, in the Mary M. Vial Music Library of the Oberlin College Conservatory of Music. Oberlin, OH: Oberlin College Library, 1967.
Journal Article
Ex: Banks, William. “A Secret Meeting in Boise.” Midwestern Political Review 6 (1958): 26-31.
Electronic Journal or Newspaper Article
Ex: Carbado, Devon W. “Black Male Racial Victimhood.” Callaloo 21, no.2 (1998): 337-361. http://www.jstor.org/ (accused July 8, 2005).
Website
Ex: Ellison, Jim. “Assessing the accessibility of fifty United States government WebPages: Using Bobby to check on Uncle Sam.” First Monday, volume 9, number 7 (July 2004). http://www.firstmonday.org/ (accessed June 16, 2005).

The author-date system on the other hand has been used by people from other sciences such as physical, natural and other social sciences. In this system the last name of the author, date of publication are cited briefly mentioned in the text, generally in parentheses.
Author-Date Style
Book
Ex: Kourik, Robert. 1998. The lavender garden: beautiful varieties to grow and gather. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
Corporate Author
Ex: Ohio State University. Natural Resources Institute. 1959. A directory of Ohio facilities and services for resource conservation. Columbus: Natural Resources Institute.
Journal Article
Ex: Terborgh, J. 1974. Preservation of natural diversity: The problem of extinction-prone species. BioScience 24: 715-22.
Electronic Article or Newspaper Article
Ex: Thomas, Trevor M. 1956. Wales: Land of Mines and Quarries. Geographical Review 46, no.1: 59-81. http://jstor.org/ (accessed June 30, 2005).
Web Site
Ex: Roach, John. 2005. Journal Ranks Top 25 Unanswered Questions. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ (accessed July 7, 2005).

References:
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
http://library.osu.edu/sites/guides/chicagogd.php
http://www.libs.uga.edu/ref/chicago.html
http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/find/citation/chicago.html

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Harvard Style of Referencing - HelpWithAssignment.com

One of the basic responsibilities of a student is to write assignments. And while writing these assignments or dissertations students have to take many things into account. One of those things is, acknowledging the author whose quotations or ideas you have taken. The most accepted way of acknowledging the source of your inspiration is by using a referencing system.

Why do we need to use a referencing system in the first place? Well, the answer is pretty simple. When one doesn’t acknowledge the work and simply use an author’s words or work, he indirectly claims, it is his/her own work. This is plagiarism in academic words, but in plain words called piracy. But, citing a reference of an author will definitely give the impression that you thoroughly have read about the topic and have put in your efforts for the development of the assignment. So, whom do you want to be a “plagiarist”/”pirate” or a person who sincerely had done his best for the assignment. There is a chance that your work gets a zero and in some serious cases your in University might be cancelled, if found that you've resorted to plagiarism.

The Harvard Referencing Style, just like the APA Referencing Style, gives the rules and regulations on how the referencing and citations should be presented in your work. They are:

For books, record
· The author’s or editor’s name or both
· The year of the publication
· The title of the work or book
· The edition is it is other than the first
· The city the book was published in, and
· The name of the publisher
Ex: Adair, J. (1988) Effective time management: How to save time and spend it wisely, London: Pan Books.

For journal articles, record
· The author’s name or names
· The year in which the journal was published
· The title of the article
· The title of the journal
· The page number/s of the article in the journal
Ex: Cumming, F. (1999) ‘Tax-free savings push’, Sunday Mail, 4 April, p. 1.

For electronic resources, record
· The date you accessed the source
· The electronic address or email
· The type of electronic resource (WWW page COM)

If the data is from a CD-ROM, electronic database, or journal in a website,
Ex: Skargren, E.I. & Oberg, B (1998) ‘Predictive factors for 1-year outcome of low-back and neck pain in patients treated in primary care: Comparison between the treatment strategies chiropractic and physiotherapy’, Pain [Electronic], vol. 77, no.2, pp.201-208, Available: Elsevier/Science Direct/O304-3959(98)00101-8, [8, Feb 1999].

Its extremely important that students correctly reference all paraphrasing and direct quotations. While there are many rules and regulations under the Harvard system, the broad rules are, cite the author’s name, title of his/her work, date of publication and page numbers of the original source. This might seem a little old fashioned but, you’ll be gaining good skills along the way.

References:
http://www.imperial.ac.uk/library/pdf/harvard_referencing.pdf
http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm
http://www.usq.edu.au/library/help/referencing/harvard.htm#Books_print_and_online
http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/tutorials/citing/harvard.html
http://www.imperial.ac.uk/library/pdf/harvard_referencing.pdf


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Secret to writing a Good Dissertation Proposal

MLA Referencing Style

MLA Referencing style is one of the most popular style formats. It’s a standard guide for graduate students, scholars and professional writers. It is often found in the US, Canada and other countries providing guidelines for writing and documentation of research in the subjects of Humanities, especially in English studies.
It stands for Modern Language Association of America. It was first published in 1985. The MLA style has been widely adopted by schools, colleges, Universities and by many academic departments and instructors. They are also used by over 1100 scholarly and literary journals, newsletters and magazines and commercial presses and they are followed throughout North America, Brazil, China, India, Japan, Taiwan and in other countries around the world.
The purpose of MLA style is primarily academic scholars, Professors, graduate students and other writers of scholarly books and articles in humanities disciplines such as English and other modern languages and literature require submitting their manuscripts following MLA Style. Generally simpler and more concise than other styles, MLA style features brief parenthetical citations in the text keyed to an alphabetical list of works cited that appears at the end of the work.
The MLA Style documentation format shall be
Works cited
MLA Style provides a bibliography of “works cited” listed in the works cited in a text and notes (either footnotes and/or endnotes) which is placed after the main body of term paper, article, or a book.
Content notes
In composing content notes, it is directed to avoid lengthy discussions that divert the reader’s attention from primary text, and advised in general comments that you cannot fit into text should omitted unless it provides essential justification or clarification of what is written.
Bibliography (“works cited”)
Book
The author’s last name, first name, middle initial or name. Place of publication: publisher, date. Print. Supplementary information (if any).
Ex: Dickens, Charles: Pickwick Papers: Chapman & Hall, 1837.print
Article in a periodical or a magazine
Author’s last name, first name, middle name, article title, title of the periodical, volume No. of the periodical if any, issue number, year, month and the day of the periodical, as available, pages inclusive.
Ex: Brophy, Mike. “Driving Force.” Hockey News 21 Mar.2006: 16-19. Print.
Internet resources
Name of the author of webpage (last name, first name, middle initial or middle name). ”Article Title,” “Title of Webpage”. Sponsoring Agency, date of publication or date on which it was last modified. Web address and date on which accessed.
Ex: CNN and Reuters. “Boston Columnist Resigns Amid New Plagiarism Charges.” Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., 19 Aug. 1998. Web. 6 Mar.2009.
CD-ROM
Name of the author (last name, first name and /or middle name [as given]). Article title printed source. Periodical title of printed source, or title of printed analogue Date: inclusive pages. Title of database. CD-ROM. Name of the vendor or computer service. Electronic-publication data or data for access.
Ex: Reed, William. “Whites and the entertainment industry.” Tennessee Tribune 25 Dec.1996: Ethnic News Watch. CD-ROM. Data Technologies, Feb.1997.
Reference:
www.mla.org/style.
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
http://www.liu.edu/CWIS/CWP/library/workshop/citmla.htm
http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/citmanage/mla
http://studyguide.org/MLAdocumentation.htm
http://www.aresearchguide.com/12biblio.html#9

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APA Referencing Tutorial

In continuation with the last article, here is a tutorial on APA Referencing which you might find useful.

APA Referencing Style

APA stands for American Psychological Association. APA referencing is used to address reading comprehension in the fields of social and behavioral sciences. It was developed to standardize scientific writing. These are a set of rules designed to address the concerns of clarity of communication.

Basically, an idea must be precise without any ambiguity so that everyone can understand as to what is going on. If there is any amount of ambiguity or confusion as to what is the subject dealing with or what is the basic idea behind something, the very purpose of the idea goes futile.

So, the American Psychological Association (APA) contains the rules for writing, especially, in the field of social sciences. Rules regarding determination of authorship, avoiding plagiarism and writing accurate referencing citations are laid down by the APA.

The APA Style was established in 1929 as a seven-page document with a set of procedures to increase the ease of reading comprehension. Created under the sponsorship of United States National Research Council, its originators included Psychologists, Anthropologists and publishing professionals.

It was first revised in 1952 and it turned out to be a 55-page supplement in Psychological Bulletin. It was revised once in 1957 and again in 1967. Where the first edition covered about the word choice, grammar, punctuation, formatting and journal publication policies, in the later editions of 1974, 1983, 1994 and 2001 the stress was more on reducing bias in language. This requires that the writing shall not contain anything biased or offensive in terms of race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation and disability status.

APA lays down the rules regarding how the research reports, term papers, empirical studies, literature reviews, theoretical articles and case studies should be written. Mechanical details like typeface, margins, line spacing and page headers should be taken into consideration. The pages should be numbered consecutively.
An average APA research report is divided into sections.

The main sections are
1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Introduction
4. Method
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. References
8. Appendices

Citations
Reference citations must be done using parenthetical referencing. Mostly, this means that the title of the publication followed by the last name of the author and the date of publication must be enclosed within parentheses.
Ex: A recent study found a possible genetic cause of alcoholism (Pauling, 2005).

Pauling (2005) discovered a possible genetic cause for alcoholism.

Reference list
The APA style guide prescribes that the Reference section, bibliographies and other lists of names should be accumulated by Last Name first and mandates the inclusion of surname prefixes. Ex: Sheril, R.D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color Television. San Diego: Halstead.

Electronic Sources
For Electronic references, websites and articles, APA Style asserts some basic rules, including to: Direct readers specifically to the same material using URLs which work, include the access date and include all other relevant APA style details for the source.
Ex: Internet article based on a print source (with exact formatting of original).Marlowe, P., Spade, S & Chan, C.(2001). Detective work and the benefits of color versus
Black and white. [Electronic version]. Journal of Pointless Research,11, 123-124

If you want a detailed information about APA style referencing then you can visit these websites cited below.

Resources:
http://www.apastyle.org/index.aspx
http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/Library/students/researchHelp/apaHB.asp
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
http://library.osu.edu/how-to-find/research-strategies/how-do-i-cite-references/apa-citation-guide
http://www.aug.edu/elcse/2010APAGuidelineChanges.pdf
http://library.nmu.edu/guides/userguides/style_apa.htm

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Financial ratio formulae

Often times we struggle to analyze a company's performance and get lost into the detail of the annual reports and financial statements. Here are some ratios which can quickly help us assess the health of a company. Hope you find these useful in your analysis of financial statements!

Liquidity Ratio

1.Current Ratio = Current Asset / Current Liabilities
2.Quick Ratio = (Current Asset – Inventory)/ Current Liabilities
3.Net working capital to sales ratio = Current Asset - Current Liabilities/ Sales

Profitability Ratio

1.Gross Profit Margin = Gross Income / Sales
2.Operating Profit Margin = Operating income/ Sales
3.Net Profit Margin = Net Profit/ Sales

Operating Ratio
A ratio that shows the efficiency of a company's management by comparing operating expense to net sales. Calculated as:
= Operating Expense/ Net Sales


1.Asset Turnover Ratio = Revenue/ Average Asset
2.Sales/Revenue Per Employee = Revenue/ Number of employees
3.Operating Cycle Ratio = Days Inventory Outstanding + Days Sales outstanding - Days Payable Outstanding

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Online Tutoring Vs Conventional Tutoring

Online and conventional tutoring centers implement many of the same methods to teach students, but there are some distinct differences between the two.

Parents have started to notice the many benefits associated with online math and reading tutoring services. Both conventional and online tutoring offers children academic help, but the online method is increasing in popularity. Here's why.
Convenience

Online tutoring, much like conventional tutoring, helps a student complete difficult assignments, and is geared toward improving grades. This method, however, allows your kids to master their studies from the convenience of home, making it more convenient for both children and parents who have a busy schedule.

As today Internet is one of children’s favorite activities, online tutoring services are easy to be incorporated in a child’s daily routine.
One of the main reasons for the success of online tutoring services is that each child is given individual attention, compared to the conventional methods of teaching where a bunch of children are taught. In a conventional class, the children are often afraid of raising a doubt. They don’t want to raise a question because of the fear of mockery. But, in a virtual classroom children raise and clear their doubts.

Home-Based Learning

Enabling your student to work from home not only eliminates the burden of traveling to a learning center, but it also provides a parent peace of mind: online tutoring means no unfamiliar environments or strange people coming into your home.
Working from home, as many modern parents might know, is hard to get used to. Home is, well, home to many distractions, especially for a child, and it's easy to let your child slip from his or her schedule if no change in environment is required. Online tutoring (versus other computer-driven tutoring programs) encourages students to develop more of a sense of discipline when working at home by providing them with live, online teachers that work with them over the internet on a tight schedule-usually during after-school hours. This means that a skipped lesson won't go unnoticed like it would if your student was working with a software program for math or reading.

A Personal Touch

These live, online teachers as well as their programs are different from the teachers and programs that your student might encounter through a school tutor or an online tutorial. The teacher that your child is working with will be trained and qualified for his or her position, meaning no high school students or teacher's aides. The program they create for your child will be structured around the results from a diagnostic test all students take prior to beginning online tutoring. This means that your child will be working on lessons created to meet their independent needs and learning styles, which are more like the proven lessons they'd encounter at a tutoring center.

Staying Connected

Most online tutoring programs offer parent conferences to discuss the specifics of the progress a student is making. Some private tutors offer this benefit, and programs that don't involve a live tutor don't have the capacity to explain the work your child is completing. In this way, online tutoring strives to keep a pupil's parents involved. For additional peace of mind, some online tutors also offer the
same guaranteed results that one might find at their tutoring center counterparts.

The Bottom Line

Discipline, commitment, and the inclusion of parents are all factors that are worked into the overlying theme of convenience that online tutoring manages to maintain. It's after you absorb the benefits and relevance of online tutoring that you have to consider the price you'll pay. Compared to private tutors, online tutoring seems like a bargain starting at around $30 an hour, but software programs and online tutorials that allow your student to work independently may charge a subscriber or licensing fee. Depending on the amount of help that your child needs and the amount of time and money that you're willing to spend to get them proven assistance, online tutoring may or may not exist as an option among private tutors, online homework help sites, after-school programs, and software programs.


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