Keynesian Model In Economics: An Introduction

Keynesian Model In Economics has gained a very important place. It is regarded as one of the basic models of modern Economics as we know it.

According to the Keynesian Model In Economics, Consumption is the spending on consumer goods over a given period, usually a year. Consumer goods are goods and services that are consumed or used up within the year, such as food or electricity. In practice, however, many goods counted as consumption goods last longer than a year such as dresses, cars and toasters, etc.

John Maynard Keynes made two key assumptions about what determines consumption spending.

• Assumption 1: People base their consumption spending mainly on their current take-home pay, i.e., on disposable income or DI.
• Assumption 2: When people get additional income, they do not spend it all.

Keynesian Consumption Function shows the level of consumption at different levels of disposable income, holding constant the other determinants of consumption. In Keynesian Consumption Function, consumption goes up as the disposable income goes up but not all of the additional income is consumed.

The Keynesian Consumption Function

Disposable Income (DI)	Consumption (C)	Savings (S)
$ 3000	$ 3400	- $ 400
4000	4200	- 200
5000	5000	0
6000	5800	200
7000	6600	400
8000	7400	600
9000	8200	800
10000	9000	1000

Savings is unconsumed income (disposable income minus consumption). At the “break-even” income of $5000, savings are zero. Below, $5000, there is dissaving (or negative savings). To dissave – to consume more than is earned – people can borrow money or draw down their bank accounts. Above $5000, savings are positive. Every $1000 added to income adds $200 to savings. The marginal propensity to save (MPS) is the added savings divided by the disposable income that caused savings to go up. Here MPS = 0.2 = ($200/$1000)

Since every added dollar of income is consumed or saved, we have:

MPC + MPS = 1

Note that the average propensity to consume (APC), which is consumption divided by disposable income, does not have to equal the MPC. At DI = $10000, for example, C/Di = 0.9 while MPC = 0.8.

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Our other articles on Economics include Labor Economics, Inflation, Demand for Money, Balance of Payments and Balance of Payment (contd)